战舰世界QA：航海知识以及战舰操作

　　The nature of sea battles is one of constant dynamics. Battles cannot exist without the complex maneuvering of ships and fleets. In most cases, the history of sea battles is concerned more with the maneuvers than firing. Thus, we as developers pay particular attention to this aspect of the game.

　　嗯，海洋是一个动态的环境。没有一套合适的航海技巧，战舰是不可能在海上保持平衡的，在历史上，比起射击，海战双方更重视航行技巧。因此，我们在做游戏的时候也会特别注意着一点。

　　How does the movement of ships on the sea differ from the movement of vehicles on the ground or in the air? It would seem that these steel giants with their enormous power — next to which a man looks like a grain of sand — are capable of high speeds. However, a completely different environment comes into play. The density of sea water differs from air by a factor of 800, which is reflected in the motion dynamics. With all their power, ships are quite often slow and cumbersome

　　那么，究竟航海和航空和在地上走有啥区别捏? 看上去这些有着澎湃动力的钢铁巨兽应该能在海上高速航行啊? 不不不，你要碰到的环境很复杂。海水的密度是空气的800倍，这会严重影响机动。由于这些复杂的情况和阻力，到这导致只能以缓慢的速度前进。

　　In real life, the physical forces that in one way or another affect a ship’s movement number in the dozens. It is evident that it is impossible to implement such a complicated scheme of physical forces in the game,. Nevertheless, we tried to preserve all the real ship navigation nuances, while balancing with historical accuracy, and striving toward ease of gameplay.

　　在现实中，能影响船只行动的因素成千上万，很显然，游戏中不可能将其一一还原。不管怎么说，我们致力于保留所有船只在操控上的细微差别————同时保证历史准确性，还要保证游戏容易上手

　　There are four major motion oddities that each player faces:

　　在游戏中，各位要碰见以下几个情况

　　Motion response. The heavier your ship and the greater her water displacement, the more difficult it is to build speed and to stop.

　　运动反应，你的船越大，吨位越大，加速和减速就越难

　　When reducing speed, the radius of the turn doesn’t really change.

　　当你减速时，你会发现这样根本无法改变转弯半径

　　When turning on either of the sides or in the turning circle, the ship careens to the side.

　　当你转向，或者绕圈走的时候，船会向某一边倾斜

　　When entering a curve, speed is significantly dropped.

　　当你拐弯时，速度会突然下降

　　I will tell you a bit later why that all happens, how to behave in these cases, and how it affects the gameplay

　　嗯，我会告诉大家为什么会发生这些事情，已经我们如何应对这些情况，此外呢，告诉你们这些会如何影响游戏。

　　How should ships be navigated?

　　如何操纵战舰嗯?

　　A World of Warships player is in fact the captain of the ship. In order to start moving, you will give orders. That means if you want to attack immediately, it isn’t necessary to press the acceleration key all the time. It is enough to give the command “full speed ahead” and switch to the launch of artillery, observation aircraft, or simply enjoy the nearby scenery.

　　玩家在游戏中扮演战舰的舰长，为了让战舰开始移动，你需要下命令。也就是说，如果你想立刻发动攻击，你不必要一直按着加速键，只要下个“全速前进”的命令，然后专心开炮，放出侦察机，或者看看四处的风景

　　The player has the option of switching between six telegraph positions for giving orders to the engine room: “full speed astern;” “stop her;” “ease the engine;” “half speed;” “full speed ahead,” or “flank ahead.” There is also an opportunity to adjust the very accurately and give the order to turn the helm.

　　In general, navigation is the most important thing. The rest are small details and nuances that can significantly simplify the gameplay for the player.

　　玩家有6个不同的控制档位可以选择，“全速倒车”，“停止”，“降低速度” “半速前进”，“全速前进”，“超速前进”。当然，这里自己也能进行仔细调节，也可以给通过下命令的方式调整舵

　　一般而言，导航是最重要的，其它的细节出于游戏性的考虑，都尽量简化了

　　In-depth debriefing

　　1. Motion response of the ship

　　船只的反应速度

　　I believe it’s unnecessary to explain why the giant vessel weighing dozens of tons needs time to reach a high speed, as well as needing a lot of time to stop. The only thing to be mentioned regarding this paragraph is that active braking is implemented in the game. That means when the captain orders to move forward or stop, mechanics don’t simply cut off the engine, but activate the propellers in reverse. Along with considerable water drag, this allows the ship to significantly reduce her high speed. As a result, the braking path of the ship would be rather short, and can be just three to four boat lengths.

　　我觉得没有必要在解释一下为什么这些几千上万吨的大家伙需要一定的时间才能达到极速，还要花一段时间才能停下来。唯一值得注意的事情就是————游戏中是有“主动制动”这个概念的。什么意思? 就是说，当你想停下来时候，不是把船的引擎一关就行，而是让螺旋桨反转。通过水的阻力，船只得以减速。所以说，船只的制动距离可能不会太短，可能是3-4 个船身长度吧

　　The response of the ship appears not only when moving forward and backward, but during turns as well. The ship doesn’t move on rails; therefore, when you release the rudder during cornering and leave it in the neutral position, the ship will continue turning by inertia for some time. As we’re making a multiplayer game and not a hardcore simulator, the ship will advance and make a small angle; however, this nuance should be considered.

　　船只反应时间不仅表现在起步和停船时，同时还体现在转弯时。船只不是按着轨道航行的，因此当你把舵摆到自然位置的时候，船只还会因为惯性继续转弯。当然，我们做的是一款多人网游，不是专业模拟器，船只会再转一个小角度，不过，这点小误差各位还是要考虑到。

　　一图流说明延迟效应

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　　可以看到，因为延迟效应，船只的实际航线与计划航线不一样

　　How would this affect the game? First, it is necessary to keep an eye on the location of the ship and her surroundings, because it will be impossible to stop immediately in front of the suddenly-emerged model or enemy torpedoes that are going to hit the ship’s board. Second, nobody will be able to play teeter-totter by hiding behind the island and reappearing. Third and finally, slow and heavy ships don’t need to stand still and play a drifting fort – during a sudden assault, you simply may not have enough time to hide from the attack.

　　那么，这点延迟会如何影响游戏捏?首先，时刻注意船的位置以及周边情况——这很有必要，因为你不可能在突然出现的东西前或者冲过来的鱼雷前停下来。第二，没人能像玩跷跷板一样躲在小岛后面然后又再次出现(也就是说，不可能打所谓的伸缩炮了)。第三，低速船没必要站桩射击了，因为万一突然遭遇敌人，你没有足够的时间躲藏

　　2. Turn radius not changing when reducing speed

　　转弯半径与速度无关

　　Perhaps it is the most unobvious nuance for people who are not familiar with sailing.

　　对于不熟悉航海知识的人而言，这可能是最不起眼的一个小细节了。

　　World War II ships didn’t have active traverse thrust devices, and in fact could be operated only with the help of a common rudder, or blade. The force of this blade entirely depends on the water flow where the ship is moving. To cut a long story short, the rudder draws the mechanical trajectory and speed with which your ship will move along this trajectory and insignificantly affects the trajectory pattern. First of all, the rudder area, its position, hull lines and form all affect the values of tactical diameter — in other words, the 180-degree turning diameter of the ship relative to the initial heading.

　　二战时期的船只没有主动横向推力装置，也就是说，要转弯，只能靠舵，或者是螺旋桨。桨的推力完全取决于移动的水流。让我们长话短说吧，舵画出了一个机械的轨迹，然后船速几乎不影响这轨迹的模样。首先，舵面积，舵的位置，船的形体和结构这些参数都会影响回转直径————换句话说，一条船做了180度的转弯，其转弯直径和初始航向有关。

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　　This feature of the game greatly affects the attempts to reduce speed and get around an island or outmaneuver in a very narrow strait. If you don’t go into the curve at full speed, then you won’t pass it at moderate speed. In general, the recommendations are: if you see that you won’t be able to turn at full speed and avoid collision with the shore, immediately reduce the speed so that you receive less damage , stick into the shore with the nose, and little by little move back. In damage terms, it is better to run ashore more slowly than to destroy your ship by charging full speed into an island.

　　这个对游戏性影响很大，尤其是当你尝试减速然后绕过一个小岛，或者在某个狭窄的海峡做机动时，如果你在进入转弯曲线不是全速，那么，你就不能以中速拐过这个弯。一般而言，我们的建议是这样：如果你发现你不能以全速转弯，无法避免与岸边相撞，马上减速——这样你的伤害就会少一点。舰首插在岸边，然后一点一点退出来。从所受伤害的角度而言，这样、比全速转向，然后一头撞在小岛上要好得多

　　3. Careening during turning

　　转弯时的倾斜

　　When cornering, the interaction of the circulation and water resistance forces create the moment of force that careens the ship. As centrifugal force depends on the speed, then the maximum lurch will be on the sharpest turn when running at “full speed ahead.” In other words, the higher the speed, the more you careen.

　　在倾斜时，水的阻力以及圆周运动是导致船倾斜的原因。因为离心力随着速度增加而增加，所以，在以全速做急转弯的时候，船只的倾斜程度最大。换句话说，你速度越快，(转弯)时的倾斜程度越大，如图所示。

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　　How could this affect the ship? First of all, careening affects the firing; the ship tilts and the guns tilt along with her. In fact, the careen adds degrees to the vertical angle when firing inside in the careen and takes the similar values from vertical angles when firing outside of the careen. That means the firing distance decreases in the outer side and increases in the inner side. Please note that both minimum and maximum distances change.

　　这个会如何影响游戏呢? 首先，倾斜程度会影响射击，船倾斜了，炮也跟着倾斜了。事实上，当船体倾斜时，朝内侧射击和以同样的角度朝外侧射击的射程是不同的，朝外侧射击的射程会降低，朝内侧射击的射程会提升，所以，请记住，倾斜会影响最大和最小射程

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　　4. Speed dropping in the turn

　　转弯减速

　　When turning, the ship starts moving a bit to a boardside, water resistance increases, and even when engines operate at full throttle, the speed of the ship significantly drops. The degree generally depends on the engine power, angle of drift and ship lines.

　　在转弯时，船开始向侧舷倾斜，水流阻力增加。即使当把引擎开到最大出力，这时的速度依然会出现显著下降。下降程度取决于引擎出力，漂移角度以及船体形状

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　　This moment should be taken into account in the game. If you need to leave the battlefield quickly or, on the contrary, immediately approach for the attack — weigh the risks. It is easier to hit a target that moves in a straight line, but when making tacks (short intervals with constant changing of the course, moving like a snake) you significantly increase your time being under enemy fire.

　　这些在玩游戏的时候要考虑进去，如果你需要快速脱离战场或者快速进入战场————你需要权衡利弊，走直线容易成为靶子，但是走蛇形会使速度下降。

　　Differences in classes

　　One important issue remains. All the above movement oddities manifest differently depending on the class of the ship.

　　当然，还要注意一点，以上所说的这些现象在不同船只上的表现不同

　　Destroyers: The most nimble ships, which pick up speed and stop quicker than the rest of the vessels. The dropping of speed in a turn is small, as the rudder is shifted quickly. At the same time, the careen is rather big; bigger than that of the ships of other classes. However, due to the hull characteristics (long and narrow), they turn slowly. Although they are small, their turning diameters are commensurate with diameters of giant battleships, and sometimes destroyers even surpass them.

　　Important: Due to the small draught characteristics, destroyers almost always can pass shoals, which almost none of the other ships can do (except for the rare light cruisers).

　　驱逐舰：最灵活的船，较之于其它船而言，驱逐舰提速和停止所花的时间都是最短的。因为舵转的很快，所以在转弯时，损失的速度也不多。但是，于此同时，驱逐舰转弯时，会产生巨大的倾斜，比其它船都大。然后，由于长而窄的形状，倾斜是慢慢产生的，虽然它们很小，让是它们的转弯直径其实和巨大的战列舰差不多，有些驱逐舰的转弯直径甚至比战列舰还大

　　要注意的是：由于驱逐舰吃水浅，驱逐舰可以通过某些沙洲浅滩。其它船不行(除了某些轻巡)

　　Battleships: Large and clumsy at high tiers but nevertheless capable of making high speed. They need more time to make speed, need much time to stop . Due to the careen at full speed, battleships are capable of firing minimum at 5km distance in the direction of the turning side. A suddenly-appearing destroyer can take advantage of this situation, so try to be more careful.

　　战列舰：大而且笨重，不过有些依然能跑出很高的速度。她们需要更多时间来提速，也需要很多时间来减速 。由于全速前进转弯时产生的倾斜，战舰的最小射程可以变成5KM(朝着转向的方向)，一条突然出现的驱逐舰可以抓住世界，对战列舰造成威胁，所以，要多多注意

　　Cruisers: The most diverse and mixed class, it occupies a place somewhere between destroyers and battleships in terms of dynamics. Light cruisers resemble destroyers and heavy cruisers, battleships.

　　巡洋舰：最中庸的型号，机动性在战列舰和驱逐舰之间。轻巡机动类似于驱逐舰，重巡可能类似与战列舰

　　Aircraft carriers: They can be compared to battleships in terms of water displacement, but they are generally faster. However, due to the opportunity to host and launch aircraft groups, the careen is very critical for them in the game, as the aircraft won’t be able to land on a sloping deck. Thus, when turning, aircraft carriers reduce speed significantly, and their rudders are shifted slower than rudders of the battleships. Because of this, the aircraft carrier can reach a high speed rather quickly, but it hardly tacks.

　　Thus ends today’s basic training. Good luck in the seas, captains!

　　航母：她们的排水量可能和战列舰差不多，但是她们速度更快。然而，因为航母要收容，放出舰载机，所以，倾斜对于她们而言，是最为致命的，因为舰载机可不能放在一个斜面上。因此，在转弯时，航母会有明显的减速，而且她们的舵转动速度比战舰的慢。因此，虽然航母速度很快，但是不容易产生倾斜。

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